Who invented the Internet name. A Brief History of the Internet in Dates for Schoolchildren. Briefly and only the main events. The advent of email
Today, the Internet is familiar to most of the inhabitants of the earth. Everyone, one way or another, met with this concept. It is difficult to imagine modern life without the Internet and the amenities it provides to humanity. But still, the network was not always at such a level of development as it is in our time, and, in general, it arose, relatively, not so long ago.
The history of the Internet - M. Eremenko
The official version of the emergence of the Internet
It all started during the Cold War between the USSR and the USA. In early October 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite into space. The USA lagged behind the USSR in scientific activity, and after that the gap between the states became even more noticeable. Then US President Dwight Eisenhower signed an order to create the Agency for Advanced Scientific Projects and Research, which won the name ARPA. The agency worked within the framework of the country's Ministry of Defense. It was supposed to create a network that unites the main centers.
Scientist Leonard Kleinork put forward the theory of packet communication, which turned out to be an important step forward in the development of computer networks. The next important step was to become a real connection between computers. This interaction was organized between two computers, one of which was located in Massachusetts and the other in California. Communication between them was carried out thanks to a switched telephone line. So, the very first non-local network was created.
History of the Internet
Shortly after the experiment
In 1967 ARPANET was founded. Four computers with a single data transfer protocol were connected to the network. A little later, e-mail began to develop. From the very beginning, the purpose of the created network was to use it for defense purposes. Documents were sent via e-mail. But the network has constantly and rapidly evolved. All new nodes were connected to it. The network included large scientific institutes. In the late seventies there were about a hundred hosting sites.
At the same time, other networks developed separately. Each of them worked in their own way. In order to be able to connect them, it was necessary that they all work on a single network protocol.
In 1973, intensive work began on the creation of such a protocol. The Internetting Project was created - a project, the result of which was to be the unification of different networks into one. Robert Kahn was appointed the chief project manager. The protocol was based on the following basic principles:
- When connected to the Internet, the computer network should not be internally rebuilt;
- The information package must be delivered to the designated place;
- Gateways and routers must be inherent to network interconnection;
- The global network should not be controlled by anyone in particular or by a common system.
The first of January 1983 is a significant date in the history of the Internet. It was on this day that all computers that used to be part of the ARPANET network switched to the internet protocol developed by the team of Robert Kann. Thus, a standard was set by which the Internet could develop further. And today it is developing according to this standard.
The first Russian network that was connected to the Internet
Became the RELCOM network. It was created by physicists for communication and joint research with their Western colleagues in 1990. Initially, the Internet in Russia developed at universities and scientific institutions. In 1995, the state scientific network called RUNNet began its work. Gradually, ordinary citizens of large cities became its users. Many came to the Internet out of curiosity.
In a short time, more and more new users came to the network. But using the Internet at that time was not very convenient, because of its unsuitability for ordinary visitors. In connection with such popularity, a year later, the first search robot, the rambler, appeared. A year later, Yandex began its existence. In this same year, ICQ appeared. And in two years, the first money transfer was made via the Internet. Since that time, e-commerce began to develop.
The first computer networks focused on the transmission of information, documents, or rather text. At that time, the Internet was the lot of the elite, as it was mainly business documentation or scientific texts that passed through it. But with the rapid development of the Internet in the early nineties, there was a problem with displaying graphics. A group of American scientists from the state of Illinois developed the first browser - a mosaic. This even more attracted more and more private users to use the World Wide Web.
Internet access has become easier every year
And there were more and more users. In 2000, there were about twenty million sites on the Internet. In 2003, their number increased five times - more than one hundred thousand. The number of network users is increasing exponentially to this day.
The Internet occupies a huge place in the development of society and people's lives. People develop the Internet, and it, in turn, develops human knowledge. You can get a lot of useful and necessary information from the Internet at the moment. Many people in our time on the Internet earn, have fun, meet and communicate. With the help of Internet programs like Skype, close people who are separated by hundreds of kilometers can see each other (even on a monitor) and communicate.
The Internet provides tremendous opportunities for people who are ill and cannot leave their homes on their own. After all, here you can get an education, find a job and even buy the necessary things. Provided that the person is in the coverage area of the network. Thus, the 21st century is a new informative age, which provides many opportunities thanks to the Internet.
Hello, dear readers of the blog site. Surprisingly, there is no single answer to this question. I can say that the Internet appeared in 1969(his birthday is considered 29th of October), but I can say that he has been active in history only since 1991 or even 93. So when did he show up?
It just depends on what exactly you're asking. The fact is that in the history of the development of the Internet, two eras, the watershed between which can be called the appearance of the first browser (well, and the work of Tom Bernes-Lee, of course, without which no one would need this very browser).
You are most likely interested in the second era (pop), when the audience of this network began to grow at a monstrous pace, and not in the era when only people in uniform and gowns knew about the Internet (then there was no such term), and its audience even in the years of maximum distribution did not exceed ten thousand people (compare with today, when more than three billion people use the network).
In this case, the birthday of the Internet can be considered May 17, 1991 when the so-called appeared, i.e. what we call shortly today is the Internet, and where we boldly go using a browser. In general, this holiday is officially celebrated April, 4. Why? Read a couple of paragraphs below and find out (there must be at least some intrigue).
History of the Internet and who created it?
So, it all started in the distant sixties of the last century. Then the United States (the country of the progenitor of the Internet) was at the peak of its capabilities and a huge number of talented scientists worked and served there. It was they who, for military purposes, created the future prototype of today's Internet. It was called ARPANET and served for communication between various military facilities in the event of a nuclear war. Oh how!
As I mentioned just above, the date of birth of this network is considered. But there was nothing to do with what we now understand by the definition of the word Internet. However, the network was and it developed. Over time, she began to serve not only the military, but also scientists, linking the leading universities of the country. In 71, it was developed (I wrote about a little earlier), and a couple of years later the network was able to step over the ocean.
But as before, it was the lot of only selected scientists and a group of enthusiasts who used it for correspondence. Approximately ten years later (in 1983) a rather significant event took place - all the now known TCP / IP protocol was standardized. And in 1988, such a cimus thing as chat (real-time correspondence) appeared, which was implemented on the basis of the IRC protocol (in Runet, the chat client was called “irka”, as I remember now, I have been for many years).
So, America turns out to have given impetus to the emergence of the Internet (in our modern sense), but the very idea of \u200b\u200bcreating the World Wide Web (WWW) was already born in Europe within the walls of the still well-known organization CERN (collider and other crap).
There was a British Tim Berners-Lee, who can be called the founding father of the Internet. Of course, he was not alone, but it was his two years of work on the creation of the HTML markup language, the HTTP protocol and everything else that was a turning point. This is what made the hypertext-based global network possible.
It was in the late eighties of the last century. And already in 1991, the worldwide web became available to everyone (the same second birthday of the Internet -). But this was not enough for this accessibility to grow into popularity. Why? Because there was no handy surfing tool yet.
And finally, in 1993 appeared the first truly popular browser because he was graphic, i.e. could display not only text, lists and tables, but also pictures! They called him Mosaic. In fact, he became the ancestor of all modern browsers (read about) and his popularity at that time was very high.
It was he who attracted millions of new users to the Internet, and I would consider this date to be the reporting point, when did the real internet appear in the world(accessible and understandable to all). On this fertile ground, millions of sites began to appear on the Internet like mushrooms, and people. In short, life has begun.
internet day
International Internet Day (despite all the above dates of its multiple birth) is usually celebrated April, 4. Why? Well, probably, because if you write the month (April) in numbers, you get 4.04 or the famous 404. These numbers, to some extent, have become the hallmark of the Internet, although they mean one of the many possible errors that the server issues when an emergency occurs.
It's just that this one catches the eye of users very often (this means that the page at this link was not found - deleted, moved, or the link was written with an error).
Often, 404 error pages are designed very entertainingly (one jaga-jaga is worth something) and these numbers are firmly planted in the minds of users, even if they do not always understand what is at stake.
It's very symbolic, in my opinion.
When did the Internet appear in Russia (Runet)?
Runet is a Russian-speaking segment of the Internet, i.e. there is an area where sites in Russian are located and any other services where this language is used for communication. Oddly enough, but in terms of popularity, the Russian language is in second place on the Internet (after English) and eats off quite a few 7 percent.
Moreover, the Runet itself appeared a little earlier than this term became commonly used. The Russian-language network began to form at about the same time as the bourgeoisie (the rest of the Internet, with the exception of Runet), namely, somewhere since 1991-93. The term "Runet" first came into use in 1997. They interpret its meaning in different ways (someone says that these are domains belonging to the ru zone, someone that it is the Russian Runet), but they agree that this is a place on the network where the Russian language is used (mainly Russia and neighboring countries abroad).
Well, we, dear readers, are residents of this very Russian-speaking part of the Internet (new reality). With what I congratulate you!
Good luck to you! See you soon on the blog pages site
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By the way, do you know how long the Internet exists? When did the first website appear? ;) Do not know? Well then, congratulations on the holiday of Internet marketers and all marketers who joined them - guests of this site.
The concept of the "World Wide Web" was born in 1989 in Europe, within the walls of the European Council for Nuclear Research at CERN (fr. Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire, CERN). It was proposed by the famous British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, who within two years developed the HTTP protocol, the HTML language and URIs.
In 1989, the first connection to the Internet was recorded via a telephone line (the so-called "dialing" English Dialup access). But where did they "call"?
After digging around on the internet, I found...
The first computer page was created by CERN engineers in the same year. So, exactly 21 years ago, the first Internet resource appeared.
And already in August 1991, on the sixth day, a group of engineers created a computer page, and this page became the world's first Internet directory, as it contained a list of links to other sites. An updated version of this page is located (the original name has not been preserved).
Briton Tim Berners-Lee for his invention was recognized as the founder of the Internet and was awarded the [B]Webby Award for his contribution to the development of the World Wide Web. The Internet came to us later. In Russia, the birthday of the Internet is celebrated on April 7, 1994.
“It is very important that the information passing through the Net is not controlled by anyone,” the founder of the Internet said at the anniversaries dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the event last year. Today, Tim Berners-Lee is the founder and director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), whose task is to create and promote common standards (HTML, XML, etc.).
Well, here is the holiday of this month and the occasion! But this is the official version...
However, back in 1957, the US Department of Defense considered that in the event of a war with us, a reliable information transmission system was needed. The US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) proposed to develop a computer network for this.
The development of such a network was entrusted to military scientists. The computer network being developed was named ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network).
In 1969, the network brought together the University of California at Los Angeles, the Stanford Research Center, the University of Utah, and the University of California at Santa Barbara as part of a project.
The network created by scientists, even with the money of the military, did not last long closed. ARPANET began to be used by scientists from different fields of science - as a means of communication between themselves and under the control of the military, of course. By 1971, the first program for sending e-mail over the network was developed, the program immediately became very popular.
And in 1973, the first foreign organizations from Great Britain and Norway were connected to the network via a transatlantic telephone cable: the network became international.
From 1971 to 1983, the network was mainly used for sending e-mail, at the same time the first mailing lists, newsgroups and message boards appeared, data transfer protocols began to flourish, which were standardized in 1982-83. It was in 1983 that the term "Internet" was assigned to the ARPANET.
In 1984, the Domain Name System (DNS) was developed.
And only in 1984, the ARPANET had a serious rival - the inter-university network NSFNet, which was made up of smaller networks (including the then-known Usenet and Bitnet networks) and had much more bandwidth than the ARPANET. About 10,000 computers connected to this network in a year, the title of "Internet" began to gradually move to NSFNet.
In 1988, the Internet Relay Chat (IRC) protocol was invented, making real-time communication (chat) possible on the Internet. And only in 1989, within the walls of the European Council for Nuclear Research at CERN, the concept of the "World Wide Web" was born.
Well, now we know a lot and quite systematically about how the Internet appeared. Well, once again I congratulate Internet marketers on their professional holiday!
For the first time, the idea of creating an information network between computers was expressed in 1960 by Joseph Likelider, head of the computer department of the US Department of Homeland Security. In 1962, together with colleague Welden Clark, he published the first scientific paper on online communication.
6 years after the idea was voiced, the first practical developments began. The ARPANET project was the forerunner of the Internet. It was developed at the laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Berkeley. In 1969, the first data packet was sent over the ARPANET.
On the first communication channel, only small text messages could be sent, since the power of computers was not high.
The network has evolved gradually. By 1981, more than 200 computers were connected to it, mainly related to scientific institutes and laboratories. Since the seventies, the development of special software for remote computer communication began. One of the first such programs was written by Steve Crocker. ARPANET existed autonomously until 1983, after which this network was connected to the TCP / IP protocol and became part of the future global Internet.
Along with ARPANET, other projects of local networks appeared. In France, the information and scientific network CYCLADES was developed and launched in 1973. Somewhat later, Fidonet appeared - the first network that became really popular among amateur users.
TCP / IP protocol and the creation of a global network
Those who tried to create local networks eventually faced the issue of incompatibility of data transfer protocols. This problem was solved at the Stanford Research Institute, where the TCP / IP protocol was developed in 1978. By the mid-eighties, this protocol had supplanted all others within the ARPANET.
The very name of the Internet appeared in the seventies in connection with the development of the TCP / IP protocol.
In the second half of the eighties, the integration of local networks continued. The LANs of NASA and other American government organizations have switched to the TCP/IP protocol. European research institutes also began to connect to the common network. At the end of the eighties, it was the turn of the countries of Asia and the states of the socialist bloc - the first network that was widely spread in the USSR was Fidonet, but over time the Internet began to play an increasingly significant role.
Since the nineties, the Internet has ceased to be exclusively a tool of scientists and government organizations - an increase in the number of amateur users has begun, which continues to this day.
The Internet (from the English Internet) is a worldwide system of voluntarily interconnected computer networks built on the use of the IP protocol and routing of data packets. The Internet forms a global information space, serves as the physical basis for the World Wide Web and a variety of systems (protocols) for data transmission. Often referred to as the World Wide Web and the Global Network.
History of appearance.
After the Soviet Union launched an artificial Earth satellite in 1957, the US Department of Defense decided that America needed a reliable information transmission system in case of war. The US Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) proposed to develop a computer network for this, which was called the ARPANET. AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencynetwork), and in 1969, within the framework of the project, the network already united four scientific institutions. Then the ARPANET network began to actively grow and develop, scientists from different fields of science began to use it.
First the ARPANET server was installed on September 1, 1969 at the University of California, Los Angeles.
By 1971, the first program for sending e-mail over the network was developed, the program immediately became very popular.
In 1973, the first foreign organizations from Great Britain and Norway were connected to the network via a transatlantic telephone cable, and the network became international.
In the 1970s, the network was primarily used for sending email, and the first mailing lists, newsgroups, and bulletin boards appeared at the same time. However, at that time, the network could not yet easily interoperate with other networks built on other technical standards.
By the end of the 1970s, data transfer protocols began to develop rapidly, which were standardized in 1982-83.
On January 1, 1983, the ARPANET switched from the NCP protocol to TCP / IP, which is still successfully used to combine (or, as they say, “layering”) networks. It was in 1983 that the term "Internet" was assigned to the ARPANET.
In 1984, the Domain Name System (DNS) was developed.
In 1984, the ARPANET had a serious rival, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) founded the vast inter-university network NSFNet (abbreviated from the English National Science Foundation Network), which was made up of smaller networks (including the then famous networks Usenet and Bitnet) and had much more bandwidth than ARPANET. About 10,000 computers connected to this network in a year, the title of "Internet" began to gradually move to NSFNet.
In 1988, the Internet Relay Chat (IRC) protocol was invented, making real-time communication possible on the Internet.
In 1989, in Europe, within the walls of the European Council for Nuclear Research (fr. Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire, CERN), the concept of the World Wide Web was born. It was proposed by the famous British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, who within two years developed the HTTP protocol, the HTML language and URIs.
In 1990, the ARPANET ceased to exist, completely losing the competition to NSFNet. In the same year, the first connection to the Internet via a telephone line was recorded.
In 1991, the World Wide Web went public on the Internet, and in 1993, the famous NCSA Mosaic web browser appeared. The World Wide Web has grown in popularity.
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